Maus A Work of Subtle Nuances to Define Truth - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 1020 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2019/04/01 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Truth Essay Did you like this example? When discussing compelling and highly nuanced literary works, most would not consider a graphic novel capable of delivering any kind of high caliber or highly nuanced level of information. Until recently, graphic novels have been a novelty pastime shared only by children and adolescents. Modern graphic novels like Maus are starting to challenge these notions and dissolve any preconceived thoughts of what literary art must be defined as. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Maus: A Work of Subtle Nuances to Define Truth" essay for you Create order Maus employs the use of art, white space, and strong layouts to convey the feelings of realism without being too pushy or perverse. Along with literary art, Maus has also pushed the boundaries and our beliefs of what non-fiction encompasses becoming a biographic non-fiction novel through the crafty ability to cope with the tragedy of the holocaust without the overshadowing of a person auto-biographical account of living through tragedy. Maus has set a high bar for expectations and shows this through a complex graphic narrative that details a firsthand account of the holocaust but also the tragedy of being born to a father that has lived through the atrocities. Maus is a non-fiction graphic novel that provides a painfully honest account of family life during the holocaust and uses a graphic medium and storytelling techniques to assist the author in depicting highly complex and sensitive topics in a relatable way. Maus is a non-fiction, highly complex graphic novel which uses animal imagery and caricatures to assist in the development and portrayal of sensitive, complex and often painfully honest topics including the author, Art Spiegelmans life. Spiegelman uses animal imagery to categorize the human race into several unconventional stereotypes which, at first glance, might be hard to miss. In Maus one and two, those from Jewish descent were animalized and depicted as human rats. This might seem strange but this antisemitic propagandizing view depicting Jews as rats can be traced back to the 1920s when the film Der Ewige Jude (The Eternal Jew) which attracted more than 412,300 spectators (Museum) was shown all over Germany. This same sentiment was spotlighted throughout history and can be seen outlined in Defining the Holocaust Encyclopedia: An Encyclopedia dedicated to outlining and historically documenting the Nazi Party program. Further explanation of the use of this imagery can also be see n by Hannah Beckler, an undergraduate at University of Colorado who discusses the use of animal imagery in her paper Discursive Construction of Referential Truth in Art Spiegelmans Maus. Beckler also discusses the outlined psychology of the human mind and how we ultimately perceive the use of these animal characterizations. Beckler describes Siegelmans choice of depiction as, a literalization of a metaphor that obliges the reader to more fully grasp the blatant racism. The use of this imagery is a way for Spiegelman to further develop the readers mind and start building the capital needed to develop this as a work of non-fiction. Readers are left with a strong sense that this story is depicting real, true-to-life facts which is needed when a story is attempting to distinguish itself from fiction or non-fiction. Maus uses a graphic medium and non-standard storytelling techniques to assist the with the depiction of highly complex and sensitive topics in a relatable way. Through panel shape and manipulation of presented artwork, Spiegelman relies on the reader to develop missing information without sacrificing the overall story. This ability to develop and create a sense of realism without overexposing its reader to witnessing the atrocities leaves the reader appreciative and serves as a way to develop a sense of realism without overexposure to the inherent graphic nature of the holocaust. This is most notably seen on panel five where Spiegelmans father Vladek is recounting a time when he watched a German solder jump on someones neck, killing him (2: 50). This scene starts out with German soldiers lining up Jews during their imprisonment in Auschwitz when a Jew pushes his way out of line to talk to one of the German soldiers saying, I dont belong here with all these Yids and Polacks I am Germ an like you. The German guard responds by killing the outlier by jumping on his neck. This scene in a traditional graphic novel would have been high detailed without overtly hiding any detail. Instead Siegelman decides to show this image in a different way. He hides the killing action of the foot stomp and removes the face of the person getting killed. This helps keep the reader focused on the content instead of being caught up in the details of the picture. Beckler describes this as, the employment of cognitive perceptual closure as the reader uses their previous knowledge of the texture, color, and material to fill in the missing sensorial details (18). This simplification of artistic style does not distract the reader from the story, but enhances the story and in many ways which not only makes it more enjoyable but, assists further in the credibility of truth in the story. This non-fiction graphic novel uses combinations of animal imagery and caricatures to assist in the development and portrayal of sensitive, complex and often painfully honest topics. Mauss use of straight forward and raw story telling techniques may be unorthodox but, they assist with developing the story without leaving the reader fighting with the idea of a truthful narrative. Instead, the reader is left with a strong sense that this story is depicting real, true-to-life facts which is needed when a story is attempting to distinguish itself from fiction or non-fiction. When attempting to distinguish between whether something is Fiction or non-fiction the literary work must be subject to some form of external review and Spiegelmans art assist greatly with this without changing the broader topic or narrative. Work Cited Beckler, H. (2014). The Comic Book as Complex Narrative: Discursive. Boulder, CO. Retrieved from ttps://scholar.colorado.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1042context=honr_theses Spiegelman, Art. Maus: A Survivors Tale. New York: Pantheon Books, 1986. Print. Spiegelman, Art. Maus II : a Survivors Tale : and Here My Troubles Began. New York :Pantheon Books, 1991. Print. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Introduction to the Holocaust. Holocaust Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/introduction-to-the-holocaust. Accessed on 12/11/2018

Major Schools of Thought in Psychology - 829 Words

Schools of Thought Throughout psychology s history, a number of different schools of thought have been formed to explain human thought and behaviour. These schools of thought often rise to dominance for a period of time. While these schools of thought are sometimes perceived as competing forces, each perspective has contributed to our understanding of psychology. The following are some of the major schools of thought in psychology. †¢ Structuralism †¢ Functionalism †¢ Psychoanalysis †¢ Behaviourism †¢ Humanism †¢ Cognitivism Major Schools of Thought in Psychology When psychology was first established as a science separate from biology and philosophy, the debate over how to describe and explain the human mind and behaviour began. The†¦show more content†¦Behaviourism Behaviourism became a dominant school of thought during the 1950s. It was based upon the work of thinkers such as: John B. Watson Ivan Pavlov B. F. Skinner Behaviourism suggests that all behaviour can be explained by environmental causes rather than by internal forces. Behaviourism is focused on observable behaviour. Theories of learning including classical conditioning and operant conditioning were the focus of a great deal of research. Psychoanalysis Psychoanalysis is a school of psychology founded by Sigmund Freud. This school of thought emphasizes the influence of the unconscious mind on behaviour. Freud believed that the human mind was composed of three elements: the id, the ego and the superego. The id is composed of primal urges, while the ego is the component of personality charged with dealing with reality. The superego is the part of personality that holds all of the ideals and values we internalize from our parents and culture. Freud believed that the interaction of these three elements was what led to all of the complex human behaviours. Freud s school of thought was enormously influential, but also generated a great deal of controversy. This controversy existed not only in his time, but also in modern discussions of Freud s theories. Other major psychoanalytic thinkers include: ï‚ § Anna Freud ï‚ § Carl Jung ï‚ § ErikShow MoreRelatedMajor Schools of Thought in Psychology2010 Words   |  9 PagesMajor Schools of Thought in Psychology Major Schools of Thought in Psychology Desirae Carrion Kaplan University Abstract Several researchers contributed to the development of psychology as a separate field of study. Their work, along with Wundt s work, made Germany the undisputed center of the movement (Schultz, Schultz, 2011p. 77). The world s first psychological laboratory was opened by Wilhelm Wundt in 1879 at the University of Leipzig (Schultz Schultz, 2011).When researchers startedRead MoreSchool of Thoughts in Psychology1604 Words   |  7 PagesMajor Schools of Thought in  Psychology When psychology was first established as a science separate from biology and philosophy, the debate over how to describe and explain the human mind and behavior began. The first school of thought, structuralism, was advocated by the founder of the first psychology lab, Wilhelm Wundt. Almost immediately, other theories began to emerge and vie for dominance in psychology. The following are some of the major schools of thought that have influenced our knowledgeRead MoreFoundations of Psychology747 Words   |  3 PagesFoundations of Psychology L R Juneaux 07/24/2013 PSY/300 Psychology is one of the core studies of the human being, which include investigating of behavior and mental processes. 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The following are some of the major thought that have influenced our knowledge and understanding of psychology: StructuralismRead More Foundations of Psychology Essay813 Words   |  4 PagesWhen psychology first emerged as a science, the process of explaining the human mind and human behavior began. In this essay we will present a brief synopsis of what psychology is and introduce the reader to the primary biological foundations of psychology that are linked to behavior as well as introducing the reader to the major schools of thought in psychology. In Kowalski and Westen Fifth Edition of Psychology, psychology is define as â€Å"the scientific investigation of mental processes such as;Read MoreFoundation of Psychology773 Words   |  4 PagesFoundation of Psychology Psychology is the study of human behavior and mind. According to Psychology: The Study of Mental Processes and Behavior defined psychology as the scientific investigation of mental processes (thinking, remembering, feeling, etc.) and behavior. Psychology alone has more than one basic foundation. Psychology can be as broad as biology and as detailed as philosophy, because it includes humans who are very complex in nature. Psychology involves more than how people act;Read MoreAdolescent Psychology Essay 31067 Words   |  5 PagesQuestion: What Is Psychology? One of the most common questions asked by students new to the study of psychology is What is psychology? Misperceptions created by popular media as well as the diverse careers paths of those holding psychology degrees have contributed this confusion. Psychology is both an applied and academic field that studies the human mind and behavior. Research in psychology seeks to understand and explain thought, emotion, and behavior. Applications of psychology include mentalRead MoreStructuralism And Functionalism Of American Psychology Essay1154 Words   |  5 PagesThis lecture podcast discussing structuralism and functionalism in the development of American psychology must have a road map for how I will chart this brief course through such a brilliant history with characters as large as Lady Liberty. Therefore, I will begin by discussing the historical nature and foundational construct of structuralism, functionalism, the process of change for American psychology to be where it is today, and finish with a summary. I will also make available the paper and referencesRead MoreThe Historical History Of American Psychology Essay1091 Words   |  5 PagesAmerican psychology came by way of Francis Bacon and John Stuart Mill philosophy, Char les Darwin evolutionary biology, Chauncey Wright evolutionary psychology, and Wilhelm Wundt volunteer psychology generally (Green, 2009; Wright, 1873). From these philosophical and biological contributors came two major schools of American psychology, namely structuralism and functionalism (Green, 2009; Caldwell, 1899; biological terms; see Boucher, 2015, pp. 384-385), which emerged as competitors of thought on howRead MoreAbnormal Psychology Essay1646 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract The following paper includes such topics of normal and abnormal psychology. Discussed with these topics are definitions of each as well as the similarities and differences between them both. Included here also is a discussion and explanation of two mental disorders and two mental illnesses all taken from the psychology perspective. As the reader will see, normal and abnormal psychology as well as the mental disorders and illnesses are common issues that could happen to any person or affect

Work Motivation In Organizational Behavior â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Work Motivation In Organizational Behavior? Answer: Introduction Organizational behaviour and its theories helps study human behaviour in the background of organizational settings. It goes around studying individuals, teams and whole organizations for analyzing the behaviour. Organizational behavior study backs different organizational activities for achieving the organizational objectives (Wilson 2013). Organizational decision-making process has a huge role in assuring success in the company. A positive culture inside an organization helps in contributing towards improving workforce motivation. It has been discovered that a motivated workforce helps in the advancement of organizational performance. Employee attitude needs to be understood for capitalizing on the skills for enhancement of overall organizational performance (Lee Lawrence 2013). As a major issue, leadership is the determinant of how the management of an organization would be working with the employees so that organizational objectives are achieved. Mistreatment of employees and ine ffective leadership might lead to a lack in motivation that would influence the work culture as well as performance. Currently different organizations are coming face to face with issues that are related to organizational culture, employee motivation, leadership and relations (Pinder 2014). This report would be focusing on the discussion of different organizational issues that organizations today face inside the dynamic business environment. An organization, Company A, has been decided upon for discussing the specific issues related to the topic and in the end recommendations would be included for resolving the discussed issues. Case Description The main objective of this report is critically analyzing the organizational behavior issues for identifying the contemporary business problems. Company A has been chosen for the discussion of the main organizational behavior issues that have a significant influence on the business activities of the company. This section would be focusing on presenting a brief overview of the case organization. Company A is an India based IT consulting firm, with operations all across Asia Pacific and Australia and New Zealand. The company has an employee base of 500. The organizational revolves around the belief that they can help people in saving their money, which would simultaneously better their quality of life. The four major values of the company comprise of customer service, respect for all, achievement of excellence and integrity. Company A is focused on developing their business value via exploration of growth opportunities and integration of the core values and the purpose to each feature of the business. In the present dynamic business environment, several challenges have been presented for the modern organizations. The employee needs and motivating factors are fast shifting because of the shift in multicultural approach and socio-economic structure. Managing employees for developing organizational performance has been a major issue for multinational companies (Latham 2012). Company A has been facing some similar issues related to organizational behavior. Employee mistreatment has been reported that has arisen due to poor organizational culture. Leadership roles are questioned in case of Company A. It has been discovered that the employees are not motivated because of different reasons. The analysis of the case would be focusing on highlighting the main issues that are related to the organizational behavior atCompany A. Case Analysis Company A largely believes in saving more and they have been applying this approach even in case of their employees. Reports have discussed that the wage rate at Company A is relatively low if compared with their business rivals. The company management has been cost controlling aggressively, reducing employee benefits along with their wages. Managing labor costs as a mean for cost cutting is a strategy has many business organizations adopt as a strategy for maximizing profits. However, Company A could not adopt not implement it properly. The low wages resulted in the dissatisfaction of the employees, in turn decreasing their productivity. For enhancing the overall work performance every organization must motivate their employees. As per Maslows Need Hierarchy, the physiological needs must be satisfied so that the workers get more engaged with their job and improve their earnings (Lester 2013). The fundamental objective of employment is satisfying the basis needs of the workers (Mares caux, De Winne Sels 2012). The lower wages are not being able to meet the physiological needs of the employees, in turn not being able to fulfill the basic requirements of the employees, which in turn is not satisfying them and gets reflected in their performance (Perkins Arvinen-Muondo 2013). Diverse sorts of leadership are penetrated in different affiliations and it develops a specific culture. Differing sort of organizational culture dependent upon the leadership styles joins authoritarian culture, mechanistic culture, participative culture and organic culture (Lian Tui 2012). It has been found that Company A has developed an authoritarian culture. In this kind of culture, power is centralized and the leader is a conclusive individual to settle on decision. This culture underlines on obedience and instruct. In the event that there ought to emerge any situation inside Company A, it has been seen that the authoritarian culture has pressurized the mid-level management to extract more from its professionals, lower level managers and the analysts. The hyper centralized management at Company A had provoked diverse issues. The authorities couldn't impart their points of view to regard to working conditions and distinctive issues. The correspondence system has been seen to be one way which focused on instructing the subordinates. The authoritarian structure of Company A had sent communitarian ethos for overseeing larger amount of devotion. The diminishing in the business advantage level is an irritating factor for Company A which is the outcome of the present culture. The authoritarian culture basically impacts the motivation level of the specialists which unfavorably influence the fiscal situation of the affiliation (Sageer, Rafat Agarwal 2012). Discrimination is an imperative issue which has been represented by the laborers of Company A. The authoritarian culture and slant of cutting cost through lower wage are the major organizational issues. The scenes of discrimination had added fuel to the delegate dissatisfaction and impacted the reputation of the affiliation (Alvesson 2012). Moreover, most of the hourly laborers of Company A are women. Sex-discrimination is a huge issue which has been represented by the workers as they were precluded from securing particular points of interest and openings. The organizational culture of Company An advances gender discrimination. As showed by the Herzberg's Two Factor Motivation Theory and McClelland's Human Motivation Theory, motivation factor included job satisfaction, advancement openings, achievement, obligation and affirmation. Nonappearance of these factors prompts dissatisfaction of the agents (Malik Naeem 2013; Miner 2015). In Company A, gender biasness had provoked dissatisfa ction of the specialists. It was represented that a woman delegate was paid less pay than the male specialist who was trained by her. The discrimination issue had basically affected the motivation as the female laborers were prevented from securing affirmation. In the event that there ought to emerge any event of promotion, a comparable example was viewed. Reports have stated that around 20% of the female laborers at Company A ought to have been promoted as the salaried mid-level manager. In any case, the management of Company A considers it as unfathomable and the glass ceiling had impacted the personnel. It acknowledges that the women with energetic kids and relatives, who needs raised personality, won't have the ability to take the strange condition of commitment. This is suggested as glass ceiling which shields the management from looking at the certified position (Sabharwal 2013). Recommendations The previous sections have discussed and analyzed the major organizational behaviour issues existing in Company A. This elaborate discussion has implied that an organizational culture alone does not develop a constructive working environment. Leadership styles and organizational policies too have failed in motivating the employees for developed performance. This section would be presenting some recommendations that would be addressing the organizational behaviour issues and application of these recommendations would be helpful in resolving the existing issues in Company A. The management of Company A needs to concentrate on offering standard wages for satisfying the physiological needs of their employees. The salary of the employees must be raised so that there comes a parity with the contemporary economic condition of the respective countries. There is a need for two-way communication systems to be established for the workers to be able to express their ideas and standpoints. For supporting innovation and providing sufficient growth opportunities, there is a need for developing an organic culture. For enhancing employee morale, there needs to be a stop to gender discrimination. For making the whole process efficient enough, the organization has to design and implement and anti-discrimination policy properly. Training must be provided to the mid-level management for enhancing their communication with the personnel. Executives are responsible for the motivation levels of their workers. Even distribution of responsibilities among the workers must be introduced and the main objective of carrying out each one of those must be explained for motivating them to advance their performance. Redesigning of the rewards and recognition policies must be done for encouraging the workforce for acquiring excellence. For attracting and retaining a talented workforce, the best career development opportunities must be presented to the employees. Conclusion This report has attempted at providing an insight into the contemporary organizational behavior issues that companies like Company A regularly encounter. In this report, the problems faced in Company A has been discussed and analyzed with the help of pertinent organizational behavior theories. From the discussion, it has been evident that Company A has been long facing different types of issues related to labor unrest. It has been giving low wages to its employees, which is not enough for meeting the different physiological needs of its workers. As a result, the employees show no amount of motivation for performing their job responsibilities professionally. Moreover, it has been understood from the discussion that the authoritarian culture of Company A has repressed innovation because there is no motivation among the employees in performing their tasks in the adverse working environment. Gender discrimination is a common practice at Company A that has went on to deprive many female e mployees from their deserving positions and profits. Therefore, for solving these issues, the management needs to concentrate on re-orienting the management structure that would adopt a positive culture. The employee needs require to be catered to. Moreover, the reward and recognition program ought to be redesigned for employee encouragement for bettering their performance. Gender discrimination needs to be stopped at Company A for making sure of a constructive organizational culture. References Alvesson, M., 2012.Understanding organizational culture. Sage. https://www.untag-smd.ac.id/files/Perpustakaan_Digital_2/ORGANIZATIONAL%20CULTURE%20Understanding%20organizational%20culture.pdf Latham, G.P., 2012.Work motivation: History, theory, research, and practice. operations. https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=LmApklWApCQCoi=fndpg=PP1dq=Latham,+G.P.,+2012.+Work+motivation:+History,+theory,+research,+and+practice.+Sage.ots=usUzNgdqGTsig=XEwcJbG6EAgiVRyb3cR6kQwijqU#v=onepageqf=false Lee, R. Lawrence, P., 2013.Organizational Behaviour (RLE: Organizations): Politics at Work(Vol. 18). Economics. https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=SV-AAAAAQBAJoi=fndpg=PP1dq=Lee,+R.+and+Lawrence,+P.,+2013.+Organizational+Behaviour+(RLE:+Organizations):+Politics+at+Work+(Vol.+18).+Routledge.ots=jBFAM5U3Qrsig=cKKrrwiKdeRmDGQhiCKj_dYA4qA#v=onepageqf=false Lester, D., 2013. Measuring Maslow's hierarchy of needs.Psychological Reports,113(1), pp.15-17. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.2466/02.20.PR0.113x16z1 Lian, L.K. Tui, L.G., 2012. Leadership styles and organizational citizenship behavior: The mediating effect of subordinates' competence and downward influence tactics.The Journal of Applied Business and Economics,13(2), p.59. https://t.www.na-businesspress.com/JABE/LianLK_Web13_2_.pdf Luthans, F., Luthans, B.C. Luthans, K.W., 2015.Organizational behavior: An evidence-based approach. IAP. https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=ogYoDwAAQBAJoi=fndpg=PP1dq=Luthans,+F.,+Luthans,+B.C.+and+Luthans,+K.W.,+2015.+Organizational+behavior:+An+evidence-based+approach.+IAP.ots=lfggHNZFadsig=wpdosIM9JeZJka_8lQt5y8DFWrw#v=onepageqf=false Malik, M.E. Naeem, B., 2013. Towards understanding controversy on Herzberg theory of motivation.World Applied Sciences Journal,24(8), pp.1031-1036. https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.388.1166rep=rep1type=pdf Marescaux, E., De Winne, S. Sels, L., 2012. HR practices and HRM outcomes: The role of basic need satisfaction.Personnel Review,42(1), pp.4-27. https://selfdeterminationtheory.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/2013_MarescauxEtAl.pdf Miner, J.B., 2015.Organizational behavior 1: Essential theories of motivation and leadership. Routledge. https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=YXOsBwAAQBAJoi=fndpg=PP1dq=Miner,+J.B.,+2015.+Organizational+behavior+1:+Essential+theories+of+motivation+and+leadership.+Routledge.ots=3B1V4C39hasig=Has2e9trjD6gm0Xb0fsqdQfNG9U#v=onepageqf=false Perkins, S. Arvinen-Muondo, R., 2013.Organizational behaviour: People, process, work and human resource management. Kogan Page Publishers. https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=XN6b0K0O7JECoi=fndpg=PR10dq=Perkins,+S.+and+Arvinen-Muondo,+R.,+2013.+Organizational+behaviour:+People,+process,+work+and+human+resource+management.+Kogan+Page+Publishers.ots=AFTKwcavv6sig=_xPrz6excbkNyf-PEDxvQKO1rsA#v=onepageqf=false Pinder, C.C., 2014.Work motivation in organizational behavior. Psychology Press. https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=9RoKBAAAQBAJoi=fndpg=PP1dq=Pinder,+C.C.,+2014.+Work+motivation+in+organizational+behavior.+Psychology+Press.ots=alqKzRCI8Asig=QEuyYKz-Zc2K4sNGBH8GVgkasWM#v=onepageqf=false Sabharwal, M., 2013. From glass ceiling to glass cliff: Women in senior executive service.Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory,25(2), pp.399-426. https://s3.amazonaws.com/academia.edu.documents/31392641/jopart.mut030.full.pdf?AWSAccessKeyId=AKIAIWOWYYGZ2Y53UL3AExpires=1505983670Signature=LsBDdMqCLDL9X%2F739iBV7PiW3Ag%3Dresponse-content-disposition=inline%3B%20filename%3DFrom_Glass_Ceiling_to_Glass_Cliff_Women.pdf Sageer, A., Rafat, S. Agarwal, P., 2012. Identification of variables affecting employee satisfaction and their impact on the organization.IOSR Journal of business and management,5(1), pp.32-39. https://s3.amazonaws.com/academia.edu.documents/34377954/E0513239__shakeela.pdf?AWSAccessKeyId=AKIAIWOWYYGZ2Y53UL3AExpires=1505983728Signature=t7znw4Xhtjz2imIBm4WJeLYgR1w%3Dresponse-content-disposition=inline%3B%20filename%3DIdentification_of_Variables_Affecting_Em.pdf Wilson, F.M., 2013.Organizational behaviour and work: a critical introduction. Oxford University Press. https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=PbAVAgAAQBAJoi=fndpg=PP1dq=Wilson,+F.M.,+2013.+Organizational+behaviour+and+work:+a+critical+introduction.+Oxford+University+Press.ots=veGAryV-uisig=1RTwrb-EvytX8V0UY8bJq4RTcqE#v=onepageqf=false

The inertia of love was fully Essay Example For Students

The inertia of love was fully Essay The inertia of love was fully bloomed into a evolve rose of optimism with two sub-ordinate leaves, his wife Elizabeth Barrett Browning and his child Robert Weidman Barrett Browning. He is a love poet with a specialty of his own. Borrowings love poetry has a range and realism which are different from his great predecessors. In his love poems Browning describes the passion and treats it from intellectual point of view. In Browning the intellectual element is too powerful to allow the predominance of sensuousness even in his love poems. This present paper is an attempt to critically access and estimate the variety f situations of love on the most celebrated poems where the maturity of his love thought is magnificently sung. Love was to him the critical point and test of a mans life. In his poems we see the indictment of possessive love, destructive love or optimistic love. The purpose of this paper is to sort out those significant works talking about different types of love so that the readers can muse on these interpretations. We will write a custom essay on The inertia of love was fully specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Furthermore, it may explore Borrowings dominant theme love as a bright lantern to walk through the vulnerable ways of life. CHAPTER I Introduction 1. 1 Life and Works of Robert Browning Biography Robert Browning was born on May 7, 1812, in Comparable (a suburb of London), the first child of Robert and Sarah Anna Browning. His mother was a fervent evangelical and an accomplished pianist. And his father was a clerk in the Bank of England. He was an extremely bright child and a voracious reader and learned Latin, Greek, French and Italian by the time he was fourteen. Between 1820-26 he attended the school of the Rev. Thomas Ready at Package, and for a short while in 1828, he attended University College London, but most of Borrowings education was informal. He often had private tutors, and his fathers unusually large bribery was at his disposal. Like Tennyson, this boy found his work very early, and for fifty years hardly a week passed that he did not write poetry. He began at six to produce verses, in imitation of Byron; but his first known work Pauline (1833), must be considered as a tribute to Shelley and his poetry. It was soon followed by Paralegals (1835) and Sorrel(1840). A year later, APIPA Passes, the first in a series entitled Bells and Pomegranates was published; the remaining seven parts appeared between 1841-46. On 12 September 1846, Robert Browning married Elizabeth Barrett at SST. Marrowbone Parish Church, London. They left a week later for Florence, Italy, where they spent the remainder of their married life. Their Florentine home, called Case GUID, has been preserved as a memorial to the poets. In 1849, the birth of his son was overshadowed by the death of Borrowings mother. Also in 1849, a two- volume selection of Borrowings poetry was published. The following year, Christmas- Eve and Easter-Day was published, and it was five years later before Men and Women appeared. After the death of his wife in 1861, Browning left Florence, never to return. In 1860, however, he had bought the Old Yellow Book in a secondhand stall n Florence. This was the source for his epic poem, The Ring and the Book, published in 1868-69. In 1867, Browning received an Honorary M. A. From Oxford and was made and Honorary Fellow of Billion College, Oxford. Later in 1882, he received an Honorary D. C. L. From Oxford. Browning died on 12 December 1889 at Accretions, Venice, but not before he heard the news of the success of his latest volume of poetry, Ashland, published that same day. These lines from the Epilogue to that volume offer a fitting tribute to one of the great poets of the Victorian age: One who never turned his back but marched breast forward, reek, Never doubted clouds would Never dreamed, though right were worsted, wrong would triumph, we fall to rise, are baffled to fight better, Sleep to wake. On 31 December 1889, Browning was buried in Poets Corner, Westminster Abbey. Works of Robert Browning A glance at even the titles which Browning gave his best known volumes-Dramatic Lyrics (1845), Dramatic Romances and Lyrics (1845), Men and Women (1855), Dramatic Persona (1864)- will suggest how strong the dramatic elements is in all his works. Indeed, all his poems may be divided into three classes- pure dramas, like Stratford ND A Blot in the Escutcheon; dramatic narratives, like APIPA Passes, which are dramatic in form. UT were not meant to be acted; and dramatic lyrics, like The Last Ride Ride Together, which are short poems expressing some strong personal emotions, or describing some dramatic episodes in human life, and in which the hero himself generally tells the story. If we separate all these dramatic poems into three main periods- the early, from 1833 to 1841; the middle, from 1841 to 1868; and the late, from 1868 to 1889. The poems written on the first period were less at tractive and obscure. In the middle period he wrote APIPA Passes, which on the whole the most perfect of his longer poems. Nearly all his best lyrics, dramas, and dramatic poems belong to this middle period. And when The Ring and the Book appeared, in 1868, he had given to the world the noblest expression of his poetic genius. The third period shows Borrowings power of revealing the hidden springs of human actions, but he often rambles most tiresomely, and in general his work loses in sustained interest. 1. 2 Origin of love in the poems of Robert Browning Browning was an ardent lover. The nucleus of his poetry, the enthusiastic love, has en reflected into almost all his poetic creations. The inertia of love was fully bloomed into a lovely rose of optimism, with its two sub-ordinate leaves, his wife Elizabeth Barrett Browning and his child Robert Weidman Barrett Browning. Perhaps, it was Browning passionate and forceful love for Elizabeth Barrett that has endowed him great success almost in all the fields, he attempted; There is nothing sickly or dreamy in him: he has a clear eye, a vigorous grasp, and courage to utter what he sees and handles. (George Eliot 1974). This attitude gave him the confidence to establish an optimistic attitude to life, to the oral, and to almost all existing things, which was the extract of his uncircumcised love. All these contribute a lot in making him the chief exponent of what has been called Victorian Optimism. This gave Browning recognition in poetic sphere and ranked him as a great poet and esteemed highly as Tennyson, thus he be came the voice and spirit of his age, the Victorian era. Elizabeth Barrett came from a prominent and wealthy family and she was already a well established poet before she met fellow poet Robert Browning. Their relationship began in his admiring her poetry. His audacious first letter moves from loving her books to loving her . Robert had been an admirer of Elizabethan work for some time, and with the help of a friend, John Kenyon, met Elizabeth in 1845. The two quickly fell in love and thus, began one of the most famous courtships in literature. Her father disapproved of Robert, who believed he was an unreliable fortune hunter, so the couple kept their relationship a secret. Together, they exchanged hundreds of love letters, and by 1846, the couple eloped. Her father disowned her and she faced disgust from her brothers, who believed she had married a low-class gold digger. However, Elizabeth stood by her husband, and shortly after their wedding, they fled to Italy. These Victorian writers had some aspects in common in their lifestyles as, for instance, the extraordinary education they received at home, their early devotion to learning and writing or a life mostly developed at home due to different reasons as we will see (in Elisabeth case, due to her fathers tyranny as well as her sickly health; in Roberts case, due to his indoor education and his dislike to public life becoming his house his shelter) but we will also point out the differences which exist between them: they belonged to efferent social classes, they were educated in different values and they didnt succeed in the same way. However, after getting to know each other through correspondence, they decided to make a new start together in a foreign country in spite of some problems. They represent the triumph of love; a love which started with Roberts admiration to Elizabethan verses and a love which made her leave her paternal prison forever. Such sweet and melodious outpouring of over brimming love was the result of that unprecedented and unrivalled, history-making relationship that Browning shared with Elizabeth Barrett. Actually, she was the permanent shower of inspiration for Borrowings spiritual and intellectual strength. She was the real and only thundering force behind the full-ripe and mature genius of Browning, Cohen writes- Browning did not write great poetry until he had attained emotional maturity, and this he lacked till the years of his marriage. (Cohen 1964) This meeting and marital- unions of Browning with Elizabeth Barrett was the peak of pleasure for Browning in comparison of other ecstasies of his life. This was the supreme experience of Browning whole life feelings supreme experience did not make him a poet rather; Elizabeth Barrett made him a love poet. Through the love that she endowed to him, the man of supreme love experience became the supreme love poet. Her reward was- By the Fireside, which could be treated as a poem which treasures Brown almost all romantic feelings, which are kept with the final lock of memory in the heart. This poem could be called the greatest love poem in the English language the other language that has dealt with the topic love. In this poem we may name glimpse of almost all the real feelings of love, of Browning heart that can be regarded as the real and supreme feelings of Borrowings love. Thus, Browning whole life achievement rests on his love which served him as a stepping stone t success and which ultimately became a mile-stone of his success in the both the fields-personal or literacy. Love is not only a success bringer for Browning rather everyone, who loves truly and passionately, becomes successful in almost all the corners of life. .uc0c4141a58b03519b97227921c828536 , .uc0c4141a58b03519b97227921c828536 .postImageUrl , .uc0c4141a58b03519b97227921c828536 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc0c4141a58b03519b97227921c828536 , .uc0c4141a58b03519b97227921c828536:hover , .uc0c4141a58b03519b97227921c828536:visited , .uc0c4141a58b03519b97227921c828536:active { border:0!important; } .uc0c4141a58b03519b97227921c828536 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc0c4141a58b03519b97227921c828536 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc0c4141a58b03519b97227921c828536:active , .uc0c4141a58b03519b97227921c828536:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc0c4141a58b03519b97227921c828536 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc0c4141a58b03519b97227921c828536 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc0c4141a58b03519b97227921c828536 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc0c4141a58b03519b97227921c828536 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc0c4141a58b03519b97227921c828536:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc0c4141a58b03519b97227921c828536 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc0c4141a58b03519b97227921c828536 .uc0c4141a58b03519b97227921c828536-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc0c4141a58b03519b97227921c828536:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Neoclassical Poetry EssaySome one has rightly said that behind every successful man, the woman, and this is the lady, Elizabeth, who works as an abrupt force behind the potentially of this love poetry, and thus, with the help of her loving inspiration, t man succeed in life. Chapter II . Concept of love in literature Love is the most cherished thing in the life of every human being. We all think a it, dream about it, sing about it, and even lose sleep worrying about it. Love is us small word paired with a vital meaning. Its universal, easy to spell, difficult Todd but impossible to live without. When we dont have it, we search for it, when we it, we dont know what to do with it, when we have it, we fear losing it. Love is the constant source of happiness and sorrow. Love is a feeling for another person s pure, so deep that no one can define it to its true extent. Since the initial period iterate love has been the most dominant theme of writing. This theme has be exercised and celebrated in almost all the fields of literature such as poetry, n drama and so on. And in all periods of all literature love is the most influential theme. Even in Victorian Age, which is a period of doubt and unrest then also I remains as a prominent theme. Special aspects of love, approaches to love, reach to the torments and delights of romantic love, have been sung with greater pop Shakespeare, Sidney, Done, Andrew Marvel, Burns, Hardy, Yeats and some twentieth century poets . After John Done, Browning is the greatest exponent o hem of love in English poetry. Unlike other poets who always combine love wit sorrow and death, Browning sings of the Joy of love. His love for his wife also ca considered as his inspiration behind his love poems. The subject of Love Poet given rise to some of the most beautiful and fascinating poetry. The poets illus.s their feelings, or the feelings of the people concerned with them through the us of figurative language. A love poem is not necessarily a poem about romantic I about romance, marriage and commitment; it could be something else entirely. Seems to be universal timeless. Yet, its also very individual, filtered by poets owe lives and expectations. Love can be a different thing for each one of the poets. N love poems deal with happy positive sides of love but there are also the negative sides such as pain, sadness and loss. There are endless ways in which love can portrayed and occur. There are numerous types of love, whether its physical, emotional or romantic love. And in the poems of Robert Browning we get the indictment of various kinds of passions and emotions related to love. Chapter Ill 3. Robert Borrowings philosophy of love Robert Browning has a three- fold appeal. He is, first, a passionate singer of love and the world of sense-the lyrical Browning. Secondly, he is a psychological poet, the subtle delineated of the devious mental processes of human beings. Thirdly, he is a firm believer in the philosophy of optimism. But in the treatment of love he is second to none. Special aspects of love, approaches to love, reactions to the torments, and delights of romantic love, have been sung with greater power by many poets. But, so far matter, depth and touchy-feelings are concerned about the love between a man and a woman, the everlasting knot of love with timeless union, Browning has no impetigo and stands alone rather, becomes the beacon-light for his successors. The profound love with intense feeling of severe passion, a life that includes lives of love in it, and all its indefinable, link with the infinite reality that is God, ones complete and intimate understanding for other, the quality of self-abnegation and ennobling, an unspeakable faith and a concrete philosophy, and the perfect way of life that takes two persons to the level of their unlimited and impossible best. In such kind and quality of love, Browning stands as a perfect lyricist. After John Done, Browning is the greatest exponent of the theme of love in English poetry. Browning considers love to be the basic principle of the universe. Love is the governing force of the universe. For Browning, love is the name of God. He talked of love as the only force that could unify mind with God. Though many phases of love between man and woman are depicted by Browning, he is a matter of particular kind of love poetry. Unlike other love poets who always combine love with sorrow and death, Browning sings of the Joy of love. Browning has written two kinds of love poems- personal and dramatic. His personal poems are very few, because his bent of mind was fundamentally dramatic. Browning love poetry is both complex and comprehensive. His love poems deal with case of successful as well as unsuccessful love. Of the poems which treat of physical love, about two third, represent feelings of man and one third express the feelings of women. In love poems where a womans passion dominates there is less intellectual elements. When a poem deals with love of a man it shows greater intellectual depth. Moreover, the tragedies of woman in love appear more interesting to the poet than the tragedies of men. Love, for Browning was the peak of activities, of which human beings are capable, thus, he devoted his most intense and perfect consideration to it. Unlike the romantic poets, he created his world of love- lyrics like a practiced lover and he did not stick to a specific subjects rather he touched and treated almost all the colors of love emotion. Browning subject was neither happy nor unhappy love but love as an experience, a love that includes both the ends of ideal, spiritual and physical love and seers a line of horizon, whose reality was bound up with its permanence; his greatest love poetry is tutee reflective of idealism in love as well as the physical charm of love. His treatment of love is bold, realistic and unconventional. Whereas other Victorian considered the body as an obstacle in the path of spiritual emancipation, Browning frankly allows importance of body. He believes that physical pleasures are as important for a successful married in this world, as for heavenly bliss in the next. Browning feels the way to develop the human soul lays in love and the love has to be complete. It is to involve physical as well spiritual. Through human love it is possible to achieve divine love. Love is a complete experience in which the body, the mind, and the soul have their equal share. The sphere of Browning love poems have left no stone unturned. As Wordsmith has recorded each flattering of flowers petal, doing the same, Browning thinks finds-out, and gives an unmatched analysis of psychology of love, recording the each pulse of love emotion. Browning is not only the poet of normal psychology, rather, at some places, he expands his limit and goes beyond, discovers some specific but still hidden aspects of abnormality in lovers love-emotion unapproachable by the poetic-eyes of other writers. Apart from Browning bulk of love-poems, his analysis of abnormal psychology of love, he is first and foremost. He places his lovers in various situations and examines their psychological implications. His strong feeling in the ennobling power of love entitle him a place of distinction among the love poems. Chapter IV 4. Reflection of different types of love in Borrowings selected poems 4. 1 My Last Duchess: A study of illusive love Synopsis of the poem: My Last Duchess is narrated by the duke of Ferreira to an envoy (representative) of another nobleman, whose daughter the duke is soon to marry. At the poems peeing, the duke has Just pulled back a curtain to reveal to the envoy a portrait of his previous duchess. The portrait was painted by Far Pandora, a monk and painter whom the duke believes captured the singularity of the duchesss glance. However, the duke insists to the envoy that his former wifes deep, passionate glance was not reserved solely for her husband. As he puts it, she was too easily impressed into sharing her affable nature. His tone grows harsh as he recollects how both human and nature could impress her, which insulted him since she did not g to the gift of his nine-hundred-years-old family name and lineage sign to lesson her on her unacceptable love of everything, he inset commands to have her killed. The duke then ends his story and asks rise and accompany him back to the count, the father of the dukes I and the envoys employer. He mentions that he expects a high dowry, happy enough with the daughter herself. He insists that the envoy w together a lapse of the usual social expectation, where the higher would walk separately and on their descent he points out a bronze Neptune in his collection. Historical background of the poem: The poem is preceded by Ferreira:, indicating that the speaker is MO II detested, the fifth Duke of Ferreira (1533-1598), who, at the age of 25, did Cosmic De Medici, the 14-year-old daughter of Cosmic I De Medici, of Tuscany, and Eleanor did Toledo. Lucrative was not well educated, a could be considered nouveau richer in comparison to the venerable distinguished Est. family (the Dukes remark regarding his gift of a n years-old name clearly indicates that he considered his bride bane She came with a sizeable dowry, and the couple married in 1558. He her for two years before she died on 21 April 1561, at age 17. There w suspicion of poisoning. The Duke then sought the hand of Barbara, ii f the Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand I and Anna of Bohemia and Huh sister of the Count of Tyro, Ferdinand II. The count was in charge of a marriage; the chief of his entourage, Nikolas Madras, a native of Inn courier. Madras is presumably the silent listener in the poem. The to named in the poem, painter FRR Pandora and sculptor Claus of Inns fictional. Love as an illusion My Last Duchess, published in 1842, is arguably Borrowings most FAA monologue, with good reason. It engages the reader on a number of historical, psychological, ironic, theatrical, and more. .u3162a41bef098a6c9d6dbd0d09699844 , .u3162a41bef098a6c9d6dbd0d09699844 .postImageUrl , .u3162a41bef098a6c9d6dbd0d09699844 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u3162a41bef098a6c9d6dbd0d09699844 , .u3162a41bef098a6c9d6dbd0d09699844:hover , .u3162a41bef098a6c9d6dbd0d09699844:visited , .u3162a41bef098a6c9d6dbd0d09699844:active { border:0!important; } .u3162a41bef098a6c9d6dbd0d09699844 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u3162a41bef098a6c9d6dbd0d09699844 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u3162a41bef098a6c9d6dbd0d09699844:active , .u3162a41bef098a6c9d6dbd0d09699844:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u3162a41bef098a6c9d6dbd0d09699844 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u3162a41bef098a6c9d6dbd0d09699844 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u3162a41bef098a6c9d6dbd0d09699844 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u3162a41bef098a6c9d6dbd0d09699844 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3162a41bef098a6c9d6dbd0d09699844:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u3162a41bef098a6c9d6dbd0d09699844 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u3162a41bef098a6c9d6dbd0d09699844 .u3162a41bef098a6c9d6dbd0d09699844-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u3162a41bef098a6c9d6dbd0d09699844:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: What Voice at Moth-Hour EssayBrowning has pr an exceptional way in this poem. This poem shows Borrowings Knowles different aspects of human nature and his analysis of human character motives. The poet makes the Duke talk about his last duchess in a dry and the Duke thus throws light not only on the character of the Duck his own mind also. In attempting to describe her, he has succeeded a his own narrow and hideous heart. He was proud, haughty, snobbish, tyrant. But the Duchess was a kind-hearted, amiable and lovable lad pride or vanity or haughtiness which women of high rank usually have whatever she looked on, and smiled at everybody who passed her. As She had A heart- how shall I say? Too soon made glad Too easily impressed ; she liked whatever She looked on, and her looks went everywhere. (line: 21-24) But her amiable and gay disposition was intolerable to him. He was possessive person. He used to give costly gifts to the Duchess and took it as a symbol of his love towards him. He was proud of belonging to a family of nine-hundred- years-old name and therefore took a patronizing attitude towards his wife. He thinks that he has conferred a title of a nine-hundred-years old name upon the Duchess and she should be grateful towards him. The Duke thinks that he loves his wife a lot UT fails to understand the lacking of mental attachment which is the core of a happy conjugal relationship. He says- She thanked men,-good! But thanked Somehow-I know not how-as if she ranked My gift of a nine-hundred-years-old name With anybody gift. (line: 31-34) It also indicates the Jealous and suspicious mind of the Duke. His Jealousy and suspicion have ruined his love and turned it into an illusion. She was not at all a flirt and therefore the Dukes Jealousy on account of her amiable nature is totally unjustified. We feel sympathy for the lady who, has fallen into the clutches of a tyrant ho could not understand or appreciate her and who froze her smile with his commands. His cruel and tyrannical nature reflects through these lines when he says- together. (line: 45-46) I gave commands; Then all smile stopped Actually, the Duke suffers from superiority complex. Name, fame, vanity and status were prior to him than his wife. He considers himself far superior to what she was. But we can understand that the Duchess must have been very gentle and innocent while the Duke was a conceited, self-opinionated high-brow. The Duke tries to represent her having beneath dignity to marry but we can guess that he did not serve her. He has strange notion of dignity. What we would call gentleness in the Duchess, he considers stupidity. What we think arrogance and snobbery in him, he considers dignity or high breeding. Thus it depicts the pathetic consequence of an unmatched relationship. Browning considers love to be a condition of moral enlistment of the human soul. And the Duke is hollow and mean because he has never known how to love and never realized the innocence and purity of his wife. Dukes love for the Duchess is fake, showy and an illusion. It is not love at all as he fails to accept her with all her natural qualities both good and bad. Rather he wanted her to behave in the way he wishes. Undoubtedly, it is a proper indictment of illusion disguised in the veil of love. Love for art One can also understand this poem as a commentary on art. The duke remains enamored with the woman he has had killed, though his affection now rests on a representation of her. In other words, he has chosen to love the ideal image of her rather than the reality, similar to how the narrator of Porphyrys Lover chose a static, dead love than one destined to change in the throes of life. In many ways, this is the artists dilemma, which Browning explores in all of his work. As poet, he attempts to capture contradiction and movement, psychological complexity that cannot be pinned down into one object, and yet in the end all he can create is a collection of static lines. The duke attempts to be an artist in his life, turning a walk roger down the hallway into a performance, but he is always hampered ideal that inspires his performance cannot change. Picture of mall society In order to critique the oppressive male dominating society of his voice to villainous characters each representing the antithesis of Browning does not eliminate all his personal virtues from all his arraying Elizabeth Barrett Browning poems become more open unveiling the truth and the benevolent nature of the poet. Perhaps Borrowings willingness to present the subject of love in a less con transcending, and nurturing way that lead to her husbands evolve Here, we find the Duke as a dominating character. And the fatal e Duchess is nothing but a sacrifice to the free will of male domino male people always think themselves superior to the female. The and female are bound to obey those commands. A woman is Just hands of a man and is forced to behave in the way a man demand thinks that it is below his dignity to rectify the behavior of the Du cause he doesnt take his wife as his soul mate. If he would take half in the truest sense, he would be able to understand the purr matter of great pity that only because of vain superiority complex the ecstasy of true mutual bond of love and relationship. Physical attractions To Browning lovers, the lady physical charms are not main attar needs not to be an embodiment of loveliness with pearly teeth a Browning did not believe in the idealization of womens physical of physical appearance are rare in his poetry. He concentrates on woman can exert in the relationship of a man. That man may be over. In this poem My Last Duchess when the Duke refers tot his dead wife, he shows the annoyance and Jealousy of the Duke: no doubt, When I passed her, but who passed without Much the same smile? (line: 43-45) 4. The Last Ride Together: A study of optimistic love Synopsis The poem The Last Ride Together appeared in Browning Men It is one of his better-known love-poems. This poem is the soliloquy has been courting a woman but who has in the long run been reek love for her has proved futile and his whole life seems to have FAA might have broken his heart but , instead of scolding and reproach ere in pride and thankfulness, and says that he would be satisfies company for a last ride with him. The lady considers his proposal the lover awaits her decision with almost suspended breath. She conflict between her pride and her pity, but her pity wins and SSH lovers last request. The lover is delighted by the prospect of riding once more in his life. His last thought has not at least been vain. That the world might end the same night! He might have won her tackled her differently; but he might have earned her hatred too. Now at least she doesnt hate him and has been agreed to go on a last ride with him. He consoles himself for his failure as all men strive in the world and few succeed. The lover is therefore , not the only one to have failed in his ambition. There is always a wide difference between a mans aspiration and his achievement. The lover then compares his achievement with that of certain other categories of individuals, and finds that his lot is better than theirs. The lover has compared himself with a statesman, a poet, a soldier, a sculptor, and a musician. He finds out that the achievement of these different individuals is nothing as compared to that of the lover who is at least enjoying the pleasure of his mistresss company on a last ride. He also argues that the rejection of his love by his mistress is a blessing in disguise. Having failed on earth, the lover can now die with an anticipation of loves fulfillment in heaven. Finally, he thinks that there is a possibility that this last ride may continue forever and ever, and that this moment may become eternal. Emotional intensity of the lover The Last Ride Together sings the glory of failure in love. Although the poem is dominated by intellectual analysis, it yet shows Browning as the singer of passionate love. The intensity of emotion characterizes many of the lines in the poem. As the lovers heart overflow with Joy, some of his statements become highly charged with feeling and emotion. For instance when his beloved is considering his final request for a ride he feels that there is life and death in the balance for him and as if the circulation of his blood has stopped. When she agrees to his proposal, he feels that the circulation of his blood has started again and he experiences a feeling of elation: The blood replenished me again : My last thought was at least not vain : I and my mistress, side by side Shall be together, breathe and When she leans against him, he feels as if he is in contact with heaven. There is a passionate quality in the whole of the third stanza in which he describes how a lovers passion might draw cloud, sunset, moonrise, and star shine down on himself, near and yet more near, till flesh must fade for heaven was here! The lover experiences intense Joy, and intense fear when the beloved leans against him and lingers. It is a moment of ecstasy for him. This poem is a proper example of romantic love. Though the lover is in an emotional and romantic mood, he is not totally devoid f reality.

Candle Science Trick to Extinguish Fire with Carbon Dioxide

Candle Science Trick to Extinguish Fire with Carbon Dioxide You know you can put out a candle flame by pouring water on it. In this science magic trick or demonstration, the candle will go out when you pour air onto it. Candle Science Magic Trick Materials A lit candleA transparent glass (so people can see what is inside the glass)Baking soda (sodium bicarbonate)Vinegar (weak acetic acid) Set up the Magic Trick In the glass, mix together a little baking soda and vinegar. You want roughly equal amounts of the chemicals, like 2 tablespoons each.Put your hand over the glass to keep the carbon dioxide from mixing too much with the outside air.Youre ready to blow out a candle. If you dont have a candle handy, you can cover the glass with plastic wrap to store the carbon dioxide. How to Blow Out the Candle with Chemistry Simply pour the gas from the glass onto the candle. Try to avoid splashing liquid on the flame, since its not exactly amazing when water puts out a fire. The flame will be extinguished by the invisible gas. Another way to perform this trick is to pour the gas that you just made into an empty glass and then pour the apparently empty glass over the candle flame. How the Candle Trick Works When you mix baking soda and vinegar together, you produce carbon dioxide. The carbon dioxide is heavier than air, so it will sit in the bottom of the glass. When you pour the gas from glass onto the candle, you are pouring out the carbon dioxide, which will sink and displace the (oxygen-containing) air surrounding the candle with carbon dioxide. This suffocates the flame and it goes out. Carbon dioxide gas from other sources works the same way, so you could also perform this candle trick using gas collected from the sublimation of dry ice (solid carbon dioxide). How Blowing Out a Candle Works When you blow out a candle, your breath contains more carbon dioxide than it did when you inhaled the air, but theres still oxygen that can support wax combustion. So, you may be wondering why the flame is extinguished. Its because a candle needs three things to sustain a flame: fuel, oxygen, and heat. The heat overcomes the energy needed for the combustion reaction reaction. If you take it away, the flame cant sustain itself. When you blow on a candle, you force the heat away from the wick. The wax drops below the temperature needed to support combustion and the flame goes out. However, there is still wax vapor around the wick. If you bring a lit match close to a recently extinguished candle, the flame will re-light itself.

Journal Artical Review essays

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Critical Review of Related Literature Essay The economic system is the the method in which a country produces, distributes and consumes goods and services. An economic system must answer four basic economic questions that will direct a nations economic activity (Pride, Hughes and Kapoor, 2010): †¢ What goods and services- and how much of each- will be produced? †¢ How will these goods and services be produced? †¢ For whom will these goods and services be produced? †¢ Who owns and who controls the major factors of production? Four types of economic systems have been formulated and implemented throughout human history. These are: traditional economy, command economy, capitalist/free economy and mixed economy. Traditional economy is based on culture, tradition and rituals. This type of economy, which developed gradually characterized by slow productivity and low rising capital-labor ratios, usually consist of agriculture based societies (Mokyr, 1989). Command economies are economies in which the government owns and controls major factors of production. Also called centrally planned economy, the government decides on all issues regarding labor, mode of production and what goods and services to produce. Socialist and communist societies are examples of command economies. However, most leaders of these forms of government realized that although it was based on the principle of equality, the system was inefficient leading to shortages or surplus of products which usually resulted in political unrest (Taylor, 2007). Capitalist economic system is a system wherein individuals and private enterprises own and operate the major factors of production. Based on the lassiez-faire theories of Adam Smith in which individuals are given the freedom to utilize resources as they deem fit. The role of the government is limited to regulation and creating economic rules. This system promotes competition and prices of goods and services are determined by the mechanisms of supply and demand (Pride et. al. 2010). The last type of economy is the mixed economy wherein the advantages of capitalism or free market economy is combined with some of the principles of a command economy. In this economic form, goods and services are exchanged between households and firms. The government, on the other hand still regulates and imposes rules, but i\an important responsibility of it is to collect taxes from business owners and its citizens, which will enable to also provide goods and services such as education, infrastructure and security (Pride et. al. , 2010). In this context, the market (producers of goods) answer the â€Å"wants† while the government provides the â€Å"need†. Economic Shift These economic systems have created economic shifts that determined the primary products of that economic era and the modes of production. In the traditional economies, agriculture was the main form of industry. In fact, economists estimate that the British economy in 1760 was comprised of almost 90% agriculture industries (Mokyr, 1989). However, the advent of the Industrial revolution changed the economic landscape from agriculture to industrial. The introduction of machines, technological innovations and assembly lines in to the modes of production shifted the economy form producing agricultural products to manufactured products. Post-World War Two and increasing globalization would witness another global economic shift. Again, technology played key role in the rise of service economies. Service economies are not directly engaged in manufacturing but is involved in the â€Å"provision of human value added in the form of labour, advice, managerial skill, entertainment, training, intermediation and the like† (OECD, 2000). The rapid development of information and communication (ICT) technologies have allowed companies to tap on the knowledge and intellectual properties of economies packaging them as a distinct economic output. This form of economy has bled into different industry sectors such as ICTs and healthcare, as companies are pressured to â€Å"concentrate on core competencies, reduce costs, exploit external, specialized expertise, giving rise to business process outsourcing companies. This has enabled foreign companies to tap into other foreign countries labor providing much needed jobs especially for developing countries. The shifting of economies, the development of technology and the success of mass production has led to the commodification of products and services. This has stripped away the personalization of products and services, mutating relationships into an exchange relation or as Karl Marx (1978) called it â€Å"callous cash payment†. Pine and Gilmore (1999), point out that although commodification has led to cost-savings, it no longer breeds growth and profitability. Thus, they reveal that there is another aspect of economy that has not fully been explored and tapped by businesses. They labelled this new approach as the Experience economy. Companies that identify experience as a distinct â€Å"economic output† are given new horizons to expand their businesses. Experience= â€Å"Economic Output† The concept of an experience economy is rooted in the principles of creating â€Å"sensations† between the consumer and the product creating â€Å"memorable† experiences (Pine and Gilmore, 1999). This economic strategy engages the customer, customizing products and services according to their needs and wants, turning the them into not just passive users of products but as important factors in the creation and marketing of the product. Pine and Gilmore (1999) refer to the coffee bean as a perfect example of the effect of experience as an â€Å"economic output†. The coffee bean is a commodity that if manufactured and sold as a good in a grocery sees a jump of between 5-10 percent in ts price from a raw commodity to a manufactured and packaged good. However, when a cup of coffee is sold in cafes and coffee shops, its effectively jumps to 100-300% percent of its raw price and people are still willing to pay for it? Why? Pine and Gilmore attribute this willingness to the â€Å"experience† factor that cafes and coffee shops add to the cup of coffee. The added experience of an ambiance of comfort, relaxation and satisfaction effectively raises the value of the cup of coffee. And yet, customers are willing to pay for that expensive cup of coffee because the drinking of one is no longer focused on the coffee itself (although the quality of the product still has the biggest percentage in the satisfaction criteria) but on the whole experience of drinking it. Experience itself is not a new concept, but economists and producers of goods have , in the past, attached it to the delivery of services that its power is largely unappreciated and tapped (p. 2). However, Pine and Gilmore (1999) reiterate that â€Å"experiences are as distinct from services as services are from goods† (p. 3). When a person buys a service, he purchases a set of intangible activities carried out on his behalf. But when a buys an experience, he pays to spend time enjoying a series of memorable events that a company stages-as in a theatrical play- to engage him in a personal way. (p. 2) It is through this concept of a theatre and stage that the authors initially frame the concept of experience economy. The consumers are the actors in theatres, stages and plays which are prepared, scripted and planned by companies. Thus, for the experience to be truly credible and believable, manufacturers and suppliers must change their perspective from merely providers to â€Å"stagers of events†. Customers and clients are no longer viewed as just but are treated as guests. The stagers of events must therefore be flexible, ready to adapt to the demands of their guests. This relationship between the stager and guest is much more deeper than â€Å"the callous payment of cash† referred to by Marx (1978) but actually creates a relationship between both parties building on trust and quality service. Although experience economy have primarily been associated with the entertainment industry, with the efforts of theme parks and movies to deliver realistic and truly interactive attractions through the use of 3D technology, surround sound and, in the case of Walt Disney theme parks, productions that immerse the â€Å"sights, sounds, tastes, aromas and textures† of their guests (Gilmore and Pine, p. 3). However, other industries have taken notice of this approach. Service industries such as restaurants are investing on ambiance and in services that engage all the sensations of their guests to create unique dining experiences. IT companies are racing to create much more powerful processors to create ICT experiences that are â€Å"interactive and life-like† (Grove, 1996). It has also been adapted by parking lots, department stores, appliance repairmen, and increasingly by businesses themselves to create much more dynamic and productive workplaces by bringing employees and the products closer. Evidently, the experience economy has become a philosophy for companies that seek to distinguish themselves from the competition. In this light, what industries have been greatly transformed by this philosophy? What strategies did they create in order to provide their guests with unique experiences? Did the adoption of this philosophy bring about positive effects? Or did it further lead to consumer alienation? This paper will attempt to answer these questions by reviewing cases of experience cases and provide a picture of the effect of this strategies. A critique of the philosophy will attempt to reveal its strengths, weaknesses and limitations when applied in the real world. Review of Related Literature The Cruise Ship Experience A doctoral dissertation study by Hosany and Witham (2009) focused on the cruisers experiences and analyzed the relationships between tourists experiences and personal evaluation of satisfaction and feedback. Based on the conceptualization of tourism experiences by Oh, Fiore and Jeoung (2007), the study hoped to contribute on the experiential concept of tourism by enhancing its theoretical progress and advancing important implications for cruise markets (Hosany and Witham, 2009). Oh, Fiore and Jeoung (2007) conduced a study that sought to provide empirical evidences of the experience economy as posited by Pine and Gilmore (1999). Using the setting of a Bed and Breakfast Inn, which has been identified as highly experiential in nature (McIntosh and Siggs, 2005), guests were asked to measure their lodging experiences. Utilizing a rigorous and methodologically sound approach to scale development, Oh et. al. (2007) were able to create a sound and valid scale which measured tourism experiences. The main objective of Hosany and Whithams study therefore was to validate the measure developed by Oh et. al. (2007) by applying it to the context of cruise tourism. This main objective was supported by two specific objectives: †¢ to identify the underlying dimensions of cruisers experiences †¢ to investigate the relationship between cruisers experiences, satisfaction and intention to recommend The study chose to examine the cruiser experience since these trips offered â€Å"total escape, safe transportation to exotic destinations, Vegas style entertainment, luxurious pampering service, quality food and beverage, innovative onboard features and awe-inspiring aesthetics among others† (p. 5). Cruise vacations are chosen because of their promise of luxurious care and entertainment (Cartwright and Baird, 1999) and are laden with experiential benefits that engage tourists in a unique social experience (Kwortnik, 2006). Employing survey method, the Oh et. al. (2007) tourism experience scale was reworked in order to apply to the context of the study. Variables such as: cruisers experience, memory, arousal, overall perceived quality, intention to recommend and satisfaction were measured along with other variable of interest such as demographic variables that included: gender, age, travel companion, number of past cruises taken, and nationality. The four dimensions of experience: education, entertainment, aesthetics and escapism were represented with four statements and were rated using a 7-point scale ranging from [1] strongly disagree to [7] strongly agree. Variables such as arousal and memories about the cruise experience were also measured using 7-point scales. Overall perceived quality and overall satisfaction were assessed through two items each (poor/excellent and inferior/superior, and extremely dissatisfied/extremely satisfied and terrible/delighted respectively). Finally, respondent;s intention to recommend were measured using the question â€Å"How likely is it that you would recommend this cruise to family and friends or family members† and through a scale of [-3] extremely unlikely and [+3] extremely likely. Data collection was done aboard the cruise ship â€Å"Rhapsody of the Seas† which is owned and operated by Royal Caribbean International Cruise Line. It was achieved by approaching the cruisers less than hour after disembarking from the ship and while waiting for their coach transfers. All in all, 169 questionnaires were accomplished out of the 1859 guests onboard. The study established the validity and generalisability of the Oh et. al. (2007) measure for tourism experience. Data also revealed that the four realms of experience (education, entertainment, aesthetics and escapism) can be applied in the context of cruise experiences and still be proved reliable and valid. Although the four dimensions varied in their importance in explaining the variable outcomes of arousal, memory, overall perceived quality, satisfaction and intention to recommend, the results were similar with Oh et. al. (2007) which identified aesthetics as the main factor in experiential outcomes. This also agrees with Kwortniks (2008) conclusions that a ships design and ambient features affect cruisers emotions and behaviors. Hosany and Withams (2009) findings on entertainment contradicted Oh et. al. (2007) in that it was found to be the second strongest determinant of outcome variables. The study attributes this to the reputation of cruise ships as entertainment havens. Education and escapism dimensions were found to be of little consequence to the cruise ship experience. The study also found out that the four dimensions of cruisers experiences have direct impacts on passengers intention to recommend. Overall, Hosany and Withams study provide tangible and empirical findings that back-up the concept of experience economy posited by Gilmore and Pine (1999). The studys initiative to investigate the concepts application on an industry that has yet to be fully explored but is a perfect setting for investigating experience economy is the its greatest strength. The literature review of the study provides rich, background detail on the concepts of experience economy and other recent studies on the cruise ship industry. However, the sample of the study barely scratched the population of the its main study. The time constraint (two weeks) and the focus on only one cruise ship could be seen as the greatest weaknesses of the study. It would have been interesting to see a comparison of experiences between two cruise ships that ply the same cruise route. A lack of the effect of cruise ship employee behavior on the overall experience is an area that should have been investigated but was overlooked. This should have been an important factor for the study since Gilmore and Pine reinforces the importance of the companys interaction in setting the feel for the â€Å"stage of experience. † the study also did not take into account the sociological aspect of the cruise, such as the effect of other cruisers behavior on the whole experience. Despite these, the findings of the study that revealed its greatest contribution by proving the validity of Oh et. al. s (2007) tourism measure. This is a giant step for the further investigation of experience economy by providing a reliable test that can be applied in different tourism contexts. Experience Economy in the Rural Context Isaac Kwamena Arthurs (2008) paper entitled â€Å"Conceptualisation of Experience Economy as Competitive Advantage for Rural Food Industry and Rural development† sought to introduce a framework which can be applied to the rural food industry in order for it to attain a competitive edge in an experience economy. The paper presents evidences that point to the positive implications of experience economy on business profits and community development. Studies have proven that experience economies add value to rural businesses (Fiore et. al, 2007), its usefulness in industries such as tourism (Richard, 2001; Hayes and Macleod, 2006; Oh et,al. 2007), small city development (Lorentzen et. al. , 2007) and its implication on the development of urban sports and recreation settings (Howell, 2005). Despite most experience economists identifying its products as â€Å"competitive† (Lorentzen, 2008) and providing a higher degree of â€Å"customer satisfaction and profitability† (Sims et. al. , 2007), they do not present any framework or theory to guide firms in maintaining this competitive advantage. Thus, Arthurs paper sought to provide a deeper understanding of experience economy through the presentation of strategic approaches that can be adapted by rural food industries to maintain competitive advantage. Guided by the research question: â€Å"what is the experience economy and what strategic approaches exist for experience producers in the rural food industry to utilize in achieving competitive advantage? † (Arthur 2008, p. 2), the paper analyzed different views on strategic management concepts while adapting on Gilmore and Pine (1999) concept of experience economy. Employing an extensive literature review, Arthur (2008) explores the concepts of experience economy and its applications drawing mostly on the works of Gilmore and Pine (1999). he reveal that although earlier authors have identified the concept of â€Å"experience industries† (Toffler 1970, p. 221), it was Gilmore and Pine that â€Å"indicated a new orientation of experience, which is central to creating events around products† (Arthur 2008, p. 3). This idea of creating events around products therefore create experiences (such as an educational show on how a product is manufactured) which becomes the package in which products are marketed and sold. In applying the experiential economy concept on rural food industry, Arthur (2008) focused on the two forms of experience realms: customers â€Å"passive† or â€Å"active† involvement and the level of â€Å"immersion† or â€Å"absorption†. These two forms delineate the individuals participation in the experience and the bond that is created between the consumer and the experience (Gilmore and Pine 1999, p. 30-31). Arthur (2008) then enumerates different examples of experiential economy at work in the rural food industry, such as the local food producers organizing food processing festivals wherein consumers can watch how food products are prepared. For further immersion, Arthur (2008) suggests educational tours that introduce consumers to the inner workings of food processing plants and by encouraging their participation in some of the processes. The escapist realm of experience can be attained by customers â€Å"being engaged in the production and processing of their product† (Arthur 2008, p. 5). He also suggests the creation of theme parks and utilization of venues where consumers can purchase various food products in order to engage the aesthetic realm of experience economy. In discovering a framework for maintaining competitive advantage, Arthur (2008) first defined the parameters of competitive advantage. He cites Besanko,et. al. (2007) definition as his basis for identifying competitive advantage as the â€Å"firms specific abilities to do or achieve things which are superior over their competitors in the market (Arthur 2008, p. 7). Arthur identifies three models which can be utilized to attain competitive advantage in the rural food industry: five Force model, resource-base view, and the relational view. The five force model identifies an industrys profitability (Porter, 1985; Grant, 2002 and Xu et. al. , 2006) and offers an understanding that competition is not merely between competitors but involves the whole process of production and its players. The identification of these five forces are attributed to Porter (1985, p. 4): †¢ threat of new market entrants †¢ threat of substitute products or services †¢ bargaining power of suppliers †¢ bargaining power of buyers †¢ rivalry among competitors The resource base view looks at the â€Å"internal organizational resources and capabilities to achieve competitive advancement in a selected environment† (Douglas and Ryman, 2002). This framework looks at how a firms uniqueness can give it an edge against its competitors (Grant, 2002). Various management literatures identify relational view as the â€Å"inter-firm relations† which gives rise to a firms profitability (Dyer and Singh, 1998; Duschek, 2003; Douglas and Ryman, 2003). It sheds light on the importance of networking in creating competitive advantage. In combining these three models, Arthur (2008) provides a framework for rural food industries that builds upon the five force understanding of the prospects of obtaining competitive advantage through experience offerings in the rural food industry, strengthened by the firms identification and utilization of its capabilities and resources according to the resource base view model, and finally, through a seeking out and building of strategic alliances (based on the relational view model) to cement its position in the industry. Although Arthur (2008) was able to identify the contribution and importance of experience economy in different industry sectors,it was not able to provide new insight on the topic. This can be attributed to the methodology adapted by the study and its heavy reliance on the works of Gilmore and Pine (1999). However, it was able to achieve its both its objectives with the discovery of a framework for maintaining competitive advantage in rural food industries by reviewing and combining three strategic management models. This is the study greatest strength since it pioneers initiatives towards the creation of frameworks which cater to the performance of industries in the experience economy. But, its the studys greatest strength is also its biggest pitfall. With the absence of a real data gathering research methodology and reliance on previous works, Arthurs (2008) suggested framework remains a hypothesis and not yet a valid theory as it remains to be tested and operationalized within the context of the rural food industry. On a positive note, the author does plan to test his conceptual framework in a empirical case study of the Thisted food industry in Denmark. Exploring the Inner Sanctum of Experience Mark van Doorn of Philips Research presents a fresh look at the concept of experinec economy in his paper entitled An Inside Story on the Experience Economy (2006). In this paper, Doorn (2006) explores the concept of experience as a cognitive process that shapes the individuals consumption behavior and answers the need for â€Å"psychological self-determination and well-being† (p. 1). An analysis of literature leads Doorn (2006) to cite Turners Literary Mind which explains that top understand the mind, one must dwell on the body and the â€Å"primitive underpinnings of the mind† (Doorn 2006, p. 2). Turner gives importance to the story or â€Å"narrative imaging† as the main component of â€Å"thought, crucial for planning, evaluating, explaining, for recalling the past and imaging the future† (Turner 1996, p. 4-5). Turner reveals that the human mind engages in experiences by creating narratives to explain even the simplest of acts (p. 13). This follows with Cognitive Science Theories that state that experiences are absorbed by the senses and processed by the mind. Doorn (2006) also explores the concept of ambient narratives wherein individuals are immersed in an interactive experience created from a mixture of virtual and real world concepts which they can change according to their own experiences. Doorns (2006) analysis of experience economy is such a departure from the usual studies on the topic. His paper reveals the connection between economics, psychology and literature by dispelling normal academic notions of experience economy as rooted in the delivery of personalized and highly specialized products and services. He posits that the melding of literature and performance with business and technology can actually lead to a much more interactive and effective experiential economy. However, Doorns (2006) analysis only reveals these connections and yet ends up with more questions regarding the creation of a â€Å"grand unification theory† (p. 10) that will answer and describe the cognitive processes of experience economy. Impacts of Experience Most studies undertaken under experience economy seeks to measure the â€Å"experience†, overlooking the impact of â€Å"experience economy† on the society in general and its effects on tourism. Joanie Willet answers this dearth of literature in her study entitled Cornwalls Experience of the Experience Economy; Longitudinal impacts (2009). The paper will investigate the impact of experience economy on a selected area by evaluating socio-economic changes which have resulted from regional experience strategies and the impact of experience economy discourses on the area. Cornwall, England will be the case study of regional economies that really heavily on tourism. The paper is guided by the following objectives: †¢ Review the Key Tenets of the Experience Economy according to Gilmore and Pine (1999) †¢ Discuss experience economy with regards to Cornwall †¢ Trace socio-economic changes in Cornwall brought about by experience economy Findings of the study reveal that underneath Cornwalls image as a wealthy tourism destination is a society plagued by â€Å"severe inequalities and deprivation† (p. 10). Government efforts to create an idealized English setting to promote tourism has constrained the economic opportunities in Cornwall. Willet (2009) reveals that efforts to create a unique English â€Å"experience† for tourists have led to sociological impacts detrimental on the Cornish locals. However, Willet (2009) discovers that Gilmore and Pine (1999) provides a provision wherein the personalization of â€Å"guests experiences† require locals to adopt advanced skills and educational assessments which will balance out the detrimental effects of the experiential economy. Willets (2009) study provides a holistic picture on the true sociological impacts of the rise of experience economies. This study revealed that the ideals of Gilmore and Pines (1999) of customized services and unique services does not necessarily lead to the development of both the consumer and producer. However, the study would have yielded deeper empirical evidence by employing research methods a such as surveys with both tourists and locales ad interviews with the key players in the Cornwall micro-economy. But overall, Willets study is a cautionary tale that reveals the two-sides of economic ideas. Lise Lycks lecture on Experience Economy as an Instrument to Create Economic Profitability presents the other side of Willets study. Employing case study to describe the hotel economic landscape of Copenhagen and analysis on three frontrunner hotels in Copenhagen, the investigation sought to answer two primary objectives: â€Å"Shall hotels invest in experience economy? † and â€Å"How do risk and business cycle development influence decision-making and profitability? † The methods revealed that with the construction of the Oresund Bridge brought a large influx of clients in accommodations for Copenhagen, Denmark and Malmo, Sweden. This led to an expansion in the number of hotels in the Oresund region, totaling to 196 hotels with 19,036 rooms in total. This economic expansion has led to hotels banking on a delivery of unique accommodations through the employment of experience economy. The case study focused on three hotels in particular: Hotel Fox (formerly Old Park Hotel), Hotel Skt,. Petri and Guldsmeden Hotel. The utilization of unique marketing techniques, innovations in core values and hotel concepts and the focus on consumer behavior have indeed turned the hotels adoption of the experience economy into profits and the establishment of new and better images. The case study also revealed that there was a dependency to business cycle development, which guided the creation of a framework that was specifically catered to the investment in hotels. This model, when applied to the case studies, rendered useful decision-making insights in the context of experience economy investment projects. This study presents another framework that is useful in the application of experience economy in real world situations. The study was able to demonstrate that through innovative industry practices and a full commitment to the delivery of unique experiences can indeed yield profits especially for service sectors such as hotel chains. Once again, this study blurs the distinction between the delivery of service and experience. Is is however evident that in the context of hotels, the delivery services are much more effective and appreciated when packaged as an experiential product. Research Proposal The review of related literature revealed the different aspects in which the economics of experience have been investigated. The manner in which experience economy was investigated mirrored an outward spiral model in which early studies focused on the description, distinction and investigation of the â€Å"experience† itself. Studies that focused on these were able to reveal the importance of consumer behavior in influencing the type of experience to be delivered. Most early studies also sought to prove or disprove the initial principles posited by Gilmore and Pine in their assertion of the experience as a separate â€Å"genre of economic output† (Gilmore and Pine, introduction) â€Å"distinct from services as services are from goods† (p. 2). However, recent studies on the topic have led to a widening of horizons, and stepping out from the core of the spiral model of experiential economic research. These studies, such as Willet and Lyke, explore the socio-economic impacts of the real world implementation of experience economy. These studies have revealed the positive and negative impacts on businesses and communities, both cautioning and encouraging economic policy-makers and decision-makers. Useful data culled from the review of related experience economy literature for the research proposal would be the tourism experience measure of Oh et. al. (2007) discussed and adapted by Hosany and Witham (2009) in their own investigation of cruisers experiences. The study can utilize and adapt this tool in measuring tourist behavior and satisfaction towards Thai indigenous tourism products. Although Arthurs study is merely a proposal, its ideas on the local implementation of experience economy and its framework for competitive advantage can be applied on the case study of the Four Seasons hotel and the Rose Garden Hotel. The numerous case studies presented in the review of related literature can provide a useful guide for analyzing the economic viability of experience economy in the context of Thai tourism. Especially of value is the last case study of hotels in Copenhagen which provided a framework and guidelines in the implementation of investment projects based on experience economy. The research proposal can then prove or disprove the validity of the framework by applying it to experience economy investment projects in the context of Asian countries. References: Taylor, John. (2007). â€Å"Economics. † Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Company. Mokyr, Joel (ed. ). (1989). â€Å"The Economics of Industrial Revolution. † Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers. Pride, William, Hughes, Robert and Kapoor, Joey. (2010). â€Å"Business. † Mason, OH: Cengage Learning. Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (2000). â€Å"The Service Economy. † Science Technology Industry. OECD. Gilmore, Jim and Pine, Joe. (1999). The Experience Economy: Work is Theatre and every Business is a Stage. † Aurora, OH: Strategic Horizons LLP. Grove, Andrew. (1996). â€Å"Keynote Speech: Comdex computer show. † November 18, 1996.